By Ken Wax
(Note: This is adapted from Ken Wax’s book on Amazon. Ken will be a regular contributor to Sales Gravy.)
When I met my first human brochure, I didn’t know what to make of him.
It was early in my career before entering sales, back when I was a buyer for Macy’s. Because my job was to buy millions of dollars of consumer electronics, all sorts of salespeople wanted to meet with me. They ranged from local sales reps to National Sales Managers for leading manufacturers. It was quite an education.
I can still remember being amazed that someone would fly across the country for a meeting, only to turn pages and bring no additional value whatsoever. So many obviously knew nothing about the pressures and needs of a buyer, or how buying decisions were made.
My experiences on the ‘other side of the desk’ taught me much about the variances among salespeople. Meet enough salespeople and you appreciate that there are definite levels of understanding and abilities.
When I joined the tech field, it was in distribution, as a merchandise manager for Ingram-Micro. Again, I was meeting with many salespeople and their managers – and again I found those distinct levels of selling.
Each level corresponds to the value a salesperson brings to his or her customer. As I discovered when I rose to sales management positions, each also has direct correlation to how effective they are at bringing in new business and protecting existing accounts.
Level # 1: Human Brochures
This person knows various things about their company’s products, services and their company’s story. Just ask; they’re happy to relay speeds, feeds, and details. But first, they’d like to show you the company’s overview slideshow and read every bullet point. Or just talk for a very long time.
To them, selling is telling. They have a lot to say about their company’s offerings; isn’t that the purpose of a sales call?
Most human brochures are blissfully unaware of their limitations. Whenever a sale is lost, they know why. It was a fickle executive, incompetent contact, lying competitor, or our stupid pricing. Of one thing they are certain: It wasn’t their fault.
Level #2: We’re Good, They’re Not
Next are those with Level #1 knowledge plus an understanding of the competition’s pitch.
This is the stereotypical professional salesperson. Proud of his or her company and able to point out all sorts of (alleged) competitor weakness that their company has taught them. This can be useful to the customer, who now knows what areas to probe with those other guys to get a lower price.
The biggest problem with the Level #2 salesperson is that they cost as much to hire, train and field as a higher level salesperson. Finding them leads costs just as much, and high-potential opportunities are placed in their hands. If you’re going to go to all that trouble and expense, why settle for their limited impact?
Level #3: A Bigger Picture
At this level, the salesperson has crossed over to be able to bring value. He or she has some level of historical understanding of their field and of customers. They can convey stories of how other companies have benefited, though these are limited to their first-hand knowledge of their own accounts.
The Level #3 professional knows how we all got to where we are. He or she can speak about the advances over the years, changes in standards, and all that. They can relay the experiences of others who’ve bought, which is instrumental if one wants to get someone excited and able to talk up a purchase inside their company.
It’s easy to see how a Level #3 salesperson is more likely to influence a prospect, especially when their competitors are merely Level #1 or #2.
Level #4: Broader Knowledge & Insights
Big jump to get here. At Level #4, you have perspective – you can see the purchase from the customer’s point of view and you are focused on creating desire.
We’re now entering the area where a salesperson is bringing a customer knowledge they couldn’t easily get with a few clicks at your website. Their stories have insights. They can help a prospect look smart and make a confident choice. This comes from having additional dimensions of knowledge:
- Beyond Their Own Experience: The salesperson at this level has taken the time to learn the stories of experiences at customers with similar challenges, even if they are in other industries.
- Industry Knowledge – they’re on top of trends and changes in that prospect’s field, and what the business will look like in 12 or 18 months.
- Buying Knowledge – they’ve developed an understanding of the dynamics and behind-the-scene decisions taking place for this sale to happen.
This all combines to deliver a personal value to their contact. The Level #4 salesperson knows what questions are going to come up and what the contact needs to know to look smart. They know how to arm that contact with examples and analogies that will inspire their manager and other business executives.
Level #5: Valued Consultant
Our highest level is reserved for those who know so much they could conceivably charge for their insights. They’ve put in the time and effort to develop knowledge, perspective and vision that is befitting a successful consultant in the prospect’s field.
At Level #5, he or she has moved beyond seeing their job as expertly pitching smart solutions. Instead, the goal is have that contact succeed and become a hero in their organization.
No one is born at Level #5. One needs to aim for it and put in work to get there. But the pay sure is better.
At every company I’ve worked with, the top money makers are at the higher levels. Shifting oneself up even a single level delivers a striking revenue impact.

About Ken Wax
Ken Wax is an author, speaker, and adviser on selling to companies ranging from IBM and Monster to mid-size companies and start-ups.
He has led sales teams at start-ups and also at industry giants, and has interviewed, hired and developed hundreds of salespeople in his career. Three of Ken’s companies have been acquired; one has gone public.
He has been the keynote speaker at dozens of conferences on five continents, and has written over 120 magazine articles published around the world. Ken’s 2011 book, ‘The Technology Salesperson’s Handbook’, is on Amazon and Ken is currently working on two new books on selling. He teaches seminars and workshops for clients; they’re specific to that company’s challenges with immediately-useful approaches and techniques.
Ken brings many of his most popular teachings to Sales Gravy; you can learn more about him at www.kenwax.com or by searching his name on LinkedIn or Amazon.